Primer, a preparatory layer applied to the paper surface before printing, serves to optimize ink absorption, improve ink adhesion, and ensure that the ink does not penetrate too deeply into the paper fibers. This results in sharper and more vibrant printed images.

Coating is an additional layer applied after the printing process. Coatings come in various forms, including water-resistant coatings, gloss-enhancing coatings, protective coatings, and more, tailored to specific requirements. Coating not only provides additional functionalities but also contributes to the overall appearance and durability of the printed material.